Assessment of Prognostic Factors of Racial Disparities in Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Survival in the United States (1992-2015) / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most common cancer among men aged 15 to 39 years. Previous studies have considered factors related to TGCT survival rate and race/ethnicity, but histological type of the diagnosed cancer has not yet been thoroughly assessed.@*Methods@#The data came from 42,854 eligible patients from 1992 to 2015 in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results 18. Frequencies and column percent by seminoma and nonseminoma subtypes were determined for each covariates. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to assess the impact of multiple factors on post-diagnostic mortality of TGCT.@*Results@#Black males were diagnosed at a later stage, more commonly with local or distant metastases. The incidence of TGCT in black non-seminoma tumors increased most significantly. The difference in survival rates between different ethnic and histological subtypes, overall survival (OS) in patients with non-seminoma was significantly worse than in patients with seminoma. The most important quantitative predictor of death was the stage at the time of diagnosis, and older diagnostic age is also important factor affecting mortality.@*Conclusion@#Histological type of testicular germ cell tumor is an important factor in determining the prognosis of testicular cancer in males of different ethnic groups.

Smoking control calls counted and handled at 12345 citizens′ hotline in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To analyze the situation of smoking control calls at 12345 citizens′ hotline in Shanghai and investigate the smoking control hotspots concerned by citizens, the handling efficiency and quality of the hotline management, especially after the tobacco control ordinance was amended. Methods Statistical analysis was made on 48 945 smoking control calls, and data model established by natural language processing. Results After amendment of the tobacco control ordinance, there was a great increase in the number of smoking control calls, which reached a peak in 2017, and became 6.7 times that of 2016.Complaint report was the most important part of tobacco control calls, accounting for 76.24% of the total.Work and dining places were the main venue for complaints, while restaurants and offices were with the largest number of calls.The proportion of health departments in all responsible departments was the largest, accounting for 29.71%.Criticism and education were still the main way to deal with the problem, which was far from meeting the demands of citizens in this regard. Conclusion Publicity can mobilize the enthusiasm of the citizens to participate in tobacco control.The working efficiency and quality of responsible departments still needs to be improved.Citizen′s appeal can serve as a reference for future amendments to the law.

Smoking control calls counted and handled at 12345 citizens′ hotline in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To analyze the situation of smoking control calls at 12345 citizens′ hotline in Shanghai and investigate the smoking control hotspots concerned by citizens, the handling efficiency and quality of the hotline management, especially after the tobacco control ordinance was amended. Methods Statistical analysis was made on 48 945 smoking control calls, and data model established by natural language processing. Results After amendment of the tobacco control ordinance, there was a great increase in the number of smoking control calls, which reached a peak in 2017, and became 6.7 times that of 2016.Complaint report was the most important part of tobacco control calls, accounting for 76.24% of the total.Work and dining places were the main venue for complaints, while restaurants and offices were with the largest number of calls.The proportion of health departments in all responsible departments was the largest, accounting for 29.71%.Criticism and education were still the main way to deal with the problem, which was far from meeting the demands of citizens in this regard. Conclusion Publicity can mobilize the enthusiasm of the citizens to participate in tobacco control.The working efficiency and quality of responsible departments still needs to be improved.Citizen′s appeal can serve as a reference for future amendments to the law.

Pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: Risk factors and preventive strategies

Purpose: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a worrisome and life-threatening complication. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and preventive strategies for POPF after PD. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 301 consecutive patients who underwent PD at our hospitals between January 2011 and December 2017. We analyzed the pancreatic fistula rate according to the clinical characteristics, pathologic and laboratory findings, and the anastomotic methods and summarized the prevention measures. Results: Postoperative morbidities included pancreatic leakage in 10.30% (31/301), delayed gastric emptying in 22.92% (69/301), abdominal infection in 6.98% (21/301), post-PD hemorrhage in 4.65% (14/301), and bile leakage in 4.98% (15/301), and the mortality rate was 2.33% (7/301). POPF was the most prominent factor for preoperative morbidity. Significant risk factors for pancreatic fistula were a soft pancreas, small pancreatic duct, tumor location, and interrupted anastomosis. Of these, soft texture, pancreatic duct <4 mm, and end-to-end anastomosis through hand suture closure were independent risk factors on multivariate analysis, while interrupted anastomosis, internal stent, and somatostatin use were risk factors in the high-risk pancreas subgroup. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that pancreatic fistula is related to a soft texture and small pancreatic duct. The surgeon must consider these risk factors when performing PD. Thus, we propose a risk- and indication-adapted choice of anastomosis or an individualized approach for the pancreatic remnant to reduce the pancreatic fistula rate

Practice about Comprehensive Intervention by Pharmacists in Our Hospital on Reducing the Rate of Intravenous Infusion of Children Outpatient/Emergency / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for reducing the rate of outpatient/emergency intravenous infusion in paediatric and improving the safety of drug use in children. METHODS： The comprehensive intervention of outpatient/emergency intravenous infusion in paediatric by pharmacists of our hospital though multiple measures was introduced， such as education training， system construction and management， multi-party monitoring and intervention. Related data were selected before （Jan-Jun. 2018） and after intervention （Jul.-Dec. 2018） to evaluate intervention effects， involving paediatric outpatient/emergency intravenous infusion rate， antibiotics intravenous infusion rate， the rate of intravenous infusion prescription， total cost of antibiotics， TCM injection， adjunctive drugs and key monitoring drugs in infusion prescriptions. RESULTS： Through the comprehensive intervention of pharmacists， related indexes of outpatient/emergency intravenous infusion in paediatric were decreased greatly in our hospital. The rate of intravenous infusion， the rate of antibiotics intravenous infusion， the rate of intravenous infusion prescription and the rate of antibiotics intravenous infusion prescription were decreased from 19.52％， 15.46％， 20.29％， 11.20％ to 10.37％， 8.55％， 10.25％， 6.64％（P＜0.001）， respectively. Total cost of antibiotics， TCM injection， adjunctive drug and key monitoring drug were decreased respectively in infusion prescriptions （P＜0.001）. CONCLUSIONS： The comprehensive intervention measures taken by pharmacists in our hospital can reduce the rate of outpatient/emergency intravenous infusion in paediatric and the medical cost， and promote the safety of drug use in children.

USPIO-enhanced MRI for lymph-node metastases from abdominal and pelvic malignancies: Meta-analysis / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To investigate value of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced MRI in diagnosis of lymph node metastasis from abdominal and pelvic malignancies with Meta-analysis.Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Wanfang,VIP and CNKI databases.The literature were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and four tabular data were extracted.With Meta Disc version 1.4 and STATA 11.0 software,statistical analysis was performed and heterogeneity of the included articles was tested.Based on the result of heterogeneity test,proper effect model was selected to calculate the pooled sensitivity and specificity.Summary receiver operating characteristics curve was obtained,and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated.Results Totally 20 English literature were enrolled,including 1 211 patients and 3 583 lymph nodes.The pooled sensitivity and specificity for USPIO-enhanced MRI in diagnosis of lymph node metastasis was 0.89 (95％CI [0.86,0.91]) and 0.96 (95 ％CI [0.95,0.96]),and AUC was 0.98,respectively.Regression analysis revealed that the heterogeneity may result from the location of tumors,and subgroup analysis showed that pooled sensitivity in diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in abdominal malignancies was good.Conclusion USPIO-enhanced MRI has good diagnostic efficacy in diagnosis of lymph node metastasis from abdominal and pelvic malignancies.

Cardiac Hypertrophy is Positively Regulated by MicroRNA‑24 in Rats / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>MicroRNA-24 (miR-24) plays an important role in heart failure by reducing the efficiency of myocardial excitation-contraction coupling. Prolonged cardiac hypertrophy may lead to heart failure, but little is known about the role of miR-24 in cardiac hypertrophy. This study aimed to preliminarily investigate the function of miR-24 and its mechanisms in cardiac hypertrophy.</p><p><b>Methods</b>Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats with a body weight of 50 ± 5 g were recruited and randomly divided into two groups: a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) group and a sham surgery group. Hypertrophy index was measured and calculated by echocardiography and hematoxylin and eosin staining. TargetScans algorithm-based prediction was used to search for the targets of miR-24, which was subsequently confirmed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction and luciferase assay. Immunofluorescence labeling was used to measure the cell surface area, and H-leucine incorporation was used to detect the synthesis of total protein in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs) with the overexpression of miR-24. In addition, flow cytometry was performed to observe the alteration in the cell cycle. Statistical analysis was carried out with GraphPad Prism v5.0 and SPSS 19.0. A two-sided P < 0.05 was considered as the threshold for significance.</p><p><b>Results</b>The expression of miR-24 was abnormally increased in TAC rat cardiac tissue (t = -2.938, P < 0.05). TargetScans algorithm-based prediction demonstrated that CDKN1B (p27, Kip1), a cell cycle regulator, was a putative target of miR-24, and was confirmed by luciferase assay. The expression of p27 was decreased in TAC rat cardiac tissue (t = 2.896, P < 0.05). The overexpression of miR-24 in NRCMs led to the decreased expression of p27 (t = 4.400, P < 0.01), and decreased G0/G1 arrest in cell cycle and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>MiR-24 promotes cardiac hypertrophy partly by affecting the cell cycle through down-regulation of p27 expression.</p>

Mollugin inhibits viability and collagen synthesis of rat CFSC-2G cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the effects of mollugin on the viability and collagen synthesis of rat hepatic stellate cell line CFSC-2G.METHODS:The activation of CFSC-2G cells was induced with low concentration (10 μmol/L) of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 30 min in the experiment.The viability of the CFSC-2G cells after exposed to mollu-gin at different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60 and 120 μmol/L) was detected by MTT assay.The mRNA and protein ex-pression levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, and hepatic stellate cell activation markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I ( ColⅠ) were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot .The phosphorylation level of p 38 mitogen-activated protein kinase ( p38 MAPK) was determined by Western blot .RESULTS:Mollugin significantly inhibited the viability and collagen syn-thesis of activated CSFC-2G cells induced by H 2 O2 .The expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and Bax at mRNA and protein levels , and the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK were promoted, while the levels of NF-κB p65, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, α-SMA and ColⅠwere inhibited by mollugin (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Mollugin may inhibit H2O2-induced viability and collagen synthesis of the CSFC-2G cells by activating Nrf2 and HO-1, and blocking the NF-κB p65 and Bcl-2 expression.

Ulinastatin on sepsis myocardial protection of myocardial injury in rats and the effects of acetylcholine receptors and M type / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To explore the protective effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on myocardial protection in sepsis. Methods 69 clean male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group, sepsis group and ustodin group. experimental rats serum troponin T (ATnT) concentration, using automatic biochemical analyzer determination of creatine kinase (AK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (AK-MB) concentration;The changes of AAh and m-aahrs levels in rat myocardial tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pathological changes of myocardial tissue in rats were observed by HE staining. Results The serum ATnT, AK and ak-mb concentrations in the sepsis group were significantly higher than that in the normal control group, and the indexes of the ustodin group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The AAh level of myocardial tissue of sepsis group was significantly higher than that of the normal control group, and the AAh level was significantly decreased after the treatment of UTI, and the m-aahrs level of myocardial tissue was not significantly changed (P<0.05). Pathological histological observation showed that the myocardial tissue lesion was significantly relieved (P<0.05). Conclusion UTI can improve the degree of myocardial injury in rats with sepsis.

Application of phase-contrast MRI in patients with Chiari malformation type Ⅰ with syringomyelia / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To evaluate the changes of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics of Chiari malformation type I associated syringomyelia patients with phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI).Methods Thirty cases diagnosed with Chiari malformation type Ⅰ associated with syringomyelia clinically underwent cisterna plasty treatment.Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics changes were measured before 24 h and 6 months after operation with PC-MRI.The stroke volume (SV),mean flow (MF),regurgitation fractions (RF) and the maximum peak flow velocity (Vmax) were analyzed.Results After operation,PC-MRI showed SV and MF increased,the bidirectional Vmax decreased,which had statistical difference compared with those of preoperation (all P＜0.05),and the C2-3 level was the most obvious.Conclusion PC-MRI can quantitative analysis of preoperative and postoperative changes of cerebrospinal fluid flow and peak velocity.

Hepatic T2 value in evaluation of HBV based acute-on-chronic liver failure / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To investigate the value of hepatic T2 value in evaluation of chronic HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).Methods The HBV-ACLF group,chronic hepatitis B group and control group who underwent liver MRI (M-GRASE sequence) were enrolled.The T2 map was produced from the post-processing software,and the mean T2 and R2 value of liver was calculated.The blood biochemical indexes from HBV-ACLF and chronic hepatitis B group were collected in 2 days pre-MR scaning.The differences of T2 and R2 values among 3 groups and the correlation between biochemical indexes and T2 value were analyzed.ROC curve was conducted to evaluate diagnostic efficiency of T2 value for HBV-ACLF.Results There were significant differences of T2value (x2 =19.074,P＜0.001) or R2 value (F=10.411,P＜0.001) among the 3 groups.The AUC of T2 value for diagnosing HBV-ACLF was 0.86 (P＜0.001),with the cut-off value 57.73 ms (R2=0.017).Moderate positive correlation was shown between T2 values and international normalized ratio (INR),prothrombin time (PT),haluronicacid (HA) values (rs =0.65,0.67,0.39,all P＜0.05),and moderate negative correlation was shown between T2 values and prothrombin activity (PTA),albumin (ALB),prealbumin (PA) values (rs =-0.67,-0.48,-0.37,all P＜0.05).Conclusion T2 or R2 value could reflect the liver function,and were correlated with some biochemical indexes,which illustrated a good diagnostic efficiency for diagnostic of HBV-ACLF.

CT characteristics of inguinal canal lipomas / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To analyze CT manifestations of inguinal canal lipomas (ICLS).Methods CT datas of 104 pa tients with ICLS was retrospectively analyzed.And the imaging features were observed by MPR.Results The main CT manifestations of the ICLS were fat density in the inguinal canal and were unconnected with the abdominal fat.Among the 104 ICLSpatients,male (90/104,86.54％) was more than famale(14/104,13.46％;x2=55.538,P＜0.001).Thele sions were located at bilateral sides in 8 cases,left side in 66 cases and right side in 30 cases.The lesions in left side were more than those in right side (x2 13.500,P＜0.001).The mean maximum cross-sectional area of ICLS was (3.89 ± 2.12)cm2.There was no statistically significant difference between male and famale in maximum cross-sectional area (t=1.038,P=0.302).Conclusion In ICLS patients,male is more than famale.And more lesions are located at the left side.The CT manifestations of ICLS have certain characteristics,and MPR images are helpful in diagnosing ICLS.

To evaluate early dynamic contrast enhancement CT on multiple organ failure in acute pancreatitis / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate early dynamic contrast enhancement CT on multiple organ failure in acute pancreatitis.Methods 333 cases of acute pancreatitis identified by clinical and early dynamic contrast enhancement CT were collected.Patients were divided into organ failure group(OF group,124 cases) and non-organ failure group (notn-OF group,209 cases).All variables including duration of hospitalization,need for intensive care unit,infection,need for operation,mortality and MCTSI,EPIC score were analyzed by U test and x2 test firstly.The variables with significance (P＜0.05) were analyzed by Stepwise Logistic regression further.Results On U test and x2 test,there were significant differences(P＜0.001) between two groups in duration of hospitalization,need for intensive care unit,infection,need for operation,mortality,MCTSI score and EPIC score and APFC + ANC＞ 100 mL,and bilateral pleural effusion/ pulmonary atelectasis.The Stepwise Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that increased MCTSI and EPIC score,APFC+ANC＞ 100 mL and bilateral pleural effusion/pulmonary atelectasis were 4 independent risk factors of multiple organ failure in acute pancreatitis.Conclusion Multiple organ failure in acute pancreatitis can be judged with early dynamic contrast enhancement CT for improved treatment.

Evaluating Hepatic Fibrosis in Rat Models by Magnetic Resonance T2 Relaxation / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of magnetic resonance T2 values in diagnosing hepatic fibrosis (HF).Materials and M1etdheds The models of HF were induced in rats by repetitive dosing of carbon tetrachloride.The stage of hepatic fibrosis (S),grade of inflammation (G) and degree of fatty liver (F) for the HF model animals and their normal controls were evaluated by pathology.The relationship between T2 values and liver fibrosis was analyzed by using multiple echo gradient spin echo sequences.Results According to the stage of hepatic fibrosis,the HF model rats were staged into S1-S4.The grade of inflammation of the HF model rats was G0 or G1,and the degree of fatty liver was F3 or F4,both of which had no statistical differences among the HF model rats at different fibrosis stages (P＞0.05).The T2 values for all rats including normal control rats in the stage of liver fibrosis from S0 to S4 were (38.27±1.45) ms,(42.08±2.63) ms,(45.93±3.61) ms,(50.23 ± 2.23) ms and (57.79± 5.40) ms,respectively,with a significant difference (F=31.903,P＜0.01).Except the T2 values had no significant difference between the S0 and S 1 stages (P＞0.05),the pairwise comparisons of the T2 values between the rest stages were statistically significant (P＜0.01).The T2 values were positively correlated with the stages of hepatic fibrosis (rs=0.921,P＜0.01).Conclusion The T2 value can quantitatively reflect the degree of hepatic fibrosis.

Features of 64-slice Spiral CT on Collateral Circulation of Pancreatic Portal Hypertension / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To investigate the features of 64-slice spiral computerized tomography (CT) on collateral circulation of pancreatic portal hypertension (PPH).Material and Methods the abdominal CT images of 52 patients with PPH confirmed by pathology the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from August 2013 to May 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.The collateral circulations of portal vein were recorded.Results There were 21 (40.4％) patients with isolated splenic vein occlusion (ISVO),and 32 (59.6％) patients with non isolated splenic vein occlusion (NISVO) in the total 52 patients.There was no significant difference in the occurrence rate between ISVO and NISVO (x2=1.92,P＞0.05).The main collateral pathways of PPH were pathway Type Ⅰ (28 patients)and pathway Type Ⅲ (22 patients),and 2 patients belonged to pathway Type Ⅱ.The patients in pathway Type Ⅰ or Ⅲ were significantly more than patients in pathway Type Ⅱ(P＜0.01).There were 92.3％ (48/52) of patients with gastroepiploic varicosity,which is significantly higher than other varicose veins (P＜0.001).The significant difference was found between the patients (21.2％) with gastric fundus varicosity and the patients (1.9％)with inferior segment esophageal varices (x2=9.42,P＜0.01).The patients with gastric fundus varicosity and right superior colic varicosity in NISVO were more than those in ISVO (x2=4.15,7.44,P＜0.05).Conclusion For PPH patients,the valuable features of collateral circulation can be revealed by multi-slices CT.

Imaging findings and differential diagnosis of central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumors / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the CT,MRI features and differential diagnosis of central nervous system primitive neuroec-todermal tumors (cPNET).Methods The CT and MRI findings of 1 5 cases with cPNET proved by pathology were analyzed retro-spectively,and we summarized the imaging features and differential diagnosis.Results For this group,the average age was (8.82± 2.53)and the male to female ratio was 9 ︰6.All lesions located in supratentorial region,which had relatively large volume (average diameter of 6.3 cm),cystic necrosis (12/15),and no or mild peritumoral edema.cPNET showed isodensity,slight hyperdensity or slight hypodensity on CT plain scan,and demonstrated uniform or inhomogeneous enhancement.On MRI plain scan,solid part showed isointensity or slight hypointensity signal on T1 WI,isointensity or slight hyperintensity signal on T2 WI,hyperintensity sig-nal on DWI(12/15),isointensity(9/15)or slightly hyperintensity signal on FLAIR,and showed obvious uniform,honeycombed or irregular enhancement after enhanced scan,no enhancement in cystic necrosis.Conclusion cPNET have certain characteristics,inclu-ding the lower onset age,relatively large volume with well-defined edge and no or mild peritumoral edema,hyperintensity signal on DWI,isointensity signal on FLAIR.

Correlation between prostatic parameters of transrectal ultrasonography and age in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the correlation of prostatic parameters of transrectal ultrasonography with age in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and the patterns of prostatic enlargement in different age groups of the patients.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively studied the reports of transrectal ultrasonography for 1 739 outpatients with BPH from January 2010 to December 2015, who were divided into four age groups, 50－59, 60－69, 70－79, and =≥80 years. We analyzed the patterns of prostatic enlargement in different age groups.@*RESULTS@#The transrectal ultrasonographic prostatic parameters, most significantly the transitional zone index (TZI), of the BPH patients were positively correlated with age. And the prostatic parameters were gradually increased with aging, with statistically significant differences among different age groups (P <0.05). The prostate was enlarged most quickly between 50 and 69 years of age.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There is a positive correlation between age and prostatic parameters of transrectal ultrasonography, particularly the transitional zone index, in patients with BPH, which indicates that TZI can serve as one of the best criteria in evaluating BPH. The volume of the prostate, especially that of the transitional zone, is increased with aging, reaching the peak between 50 and 69 years, which is of great significance for further study of the development and progression of BPH.

Ulinastatin on sepsis myocardial protection of myocardial injury in rats and the effects of acetylcholine receptors and M type / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To explore the protective effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on myocardial protection in sepsis. Methods 69 clean male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group, sepsis group and ustodin group. experimental rats serum troponin T (ATnT) concentration, using automatic biochemical analyzer determination of creatine kinase (AK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (AK-MB) concentration;The changes of AAh and m-aahrs levels in rat myocardial tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pathological changes of myocardial tissue in rats were observed by HE staining. Results The serum ATnT, AK and ak-mb concentrations in the sepsis group were significantly higher than that in the normal control group, and the indexes of the ustodin group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The AAh level of myocardial tissue of sepsis group was significantly higher than that of the normal control group, and the AAh level was significantly decreased after the treatment of UTI, and the m-aahrs level of myocardial tissue was not significantly changed (P<0.05). Pathological histological observation showed that the myocardial tissue lesion was significantly relieved (P<0.05). Conclusion UTI can improve the degree of myocardial injury in rats with sepsis.

Change of the hilar periportal space in the patients with chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis after hepatitis B / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate thickness of the hilar periportal space and caudate-right lobe ratio in the patients with chro-nic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis after hepatitis B .Methods Eighty-four patients who were clinically and histologically diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B or cirrhosis and 18 healthy subjects without history of liver disease underwent abdominal MRI .The rela-tionship among liver fibrosis degree ,hilar periportal space and caudate-right lobe ratio were observed .Results There was signifi-cant correlation between the hilar periportal space and hepatic fibrosis for chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis (rs = 0 .546 ,P< 0 .01) . There was significant difference between S2 and S3 for thicknesses of the hilar periportal space(P<0 .01) ,and no significant differ-ence among S3 ,S4 and cirrhosis(P=0 .188) .A cutoff value of 9 mm for the hilar periportal space had a sensitivity of 85 .37% and a specificity of 76 .79% for a diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis with S3 or higher .There was no significant correlation between the caudate-right lobe ratio and hepatic fibrosis(rs = -0 .155 ,P=0 .119) .Conclusion Thicknesses of the hilar periportal space increase gradu-ally with hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis ,with a high sensitivity and specificity for a diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis with S3 or higher .

The effects of benzene poisoning on expression of multidrug resistance 1 gene and P-glycoprotein in bone marrow mononuclear cells of C57BL/6 mice / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of benzene poisoning on the expression of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) of C57BL/6 mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group (n = 24), low-dose group (n = 24), medium-dose group (n = 24), and high-dose group (n = 24) to receive corn oil, 25 mg/kg benzene, 50 mg/kg benzene, or 100 mg/kg benzene by gavage, once daily, 5 days/weeks, for 4 weeks. The mice were sacrificed on day 12, 26, or 29 of poisoning. Peripheral blood routine test was performed; real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure the MDR1 gene expression in BMMNCs; Western blot was used to measure the P-gp expression in BMMNCs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On day 12, the red blood cell count and hemoglobin level in the high-dose group were significantly lower than those in the control group, low-dose group, and medium-dose group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). On day 26, the white blood cell count in the high-dose group was significantly lower than those in the control group, low-dose group, and medium-dose group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). At each time point, the mRNA expression of MDR1 gene in the low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01). On day 26, the P-gp expression in the high-dose group was significantly lower than those in the control group, low-dose group, and medium-dose group, and the P-gp expression in the medium-dose group was significantly lower than that in the low-dose group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). On day 29, the P-gp expression in the low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Benzene poisoning can affect the expression of MDR1 gene and P-gp, which may be one of the mechanisms of benzene hematotoxicity.</p>